The Translatability of Terms of Address in Najib ‎Mahfouz’s Ziqaq Al-Midaq into English‎

The Translatability of Terms of Address in Najib ‎Mahfouz’s Ziqaq Al-Midaq into English‎

Ekrema Shehab

ikrimas@yahoo.com

Department of English, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, ‎Nablus, Palestine.‎

Received : 21-03-2004 , Accepted : 03-10-2004

Language: English

Abstract

This paper investigates the problem of terms of address (social honorifics) in Arabic-English translation. In order to highlight the problem under discussion, the study uses five honorifics, identified by the researcher as comprising difficulties to translators, from Mahfouz’s (1947) famous novel Ziqaq-Al-Midaq. Twenty M.A. students of translation at An-Najah National University served as the subjects in this study. They were asked to translate these address terms in the light of their original contexts. The study also looks into Trevor Le Gassick’s renditions of these terms in his 1975 translation of Mahfouz’s novel. The present study argues that relational terms of address are harder to translate than absolute ones due to the fact that relational honorifics have drifted extensively from their traditional usages and acquired new significations which are initiated for social purposes.

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The Collapse of Grammatical Rules Under the Pressure of ‎Semantic Content: Subject-Verb Concord

The Collapse of Grammatical Rules Under the Pressure of ‎Semantic Content: Subject-Verb Concord

Ibrahim Al–Shaer

ishaer2000@yahoo.com

Al-Quds Open University, Bethlehem Educational Region, Bethlehem, Palestine

Received : 09-07-2003 , Accepted : 15-06-2004

Language: English

Abstract

The purpose of this study is twofold: (i) to examine the extent to which English native speakers' abide by the grammar rule of concord that the verb must agree with its subject in number, and (ii) to highlight the implications of the obtained results for EFL teaching/learning process. For this purpose, a test consisting of 23 concord items was devised and presented orally and in writing to two different groups of English native speakers. The results showed that the majority of native speakers do not actually follow the formal rule of concord and resort to other kinds of concord under the pressure of semantic content. These findings have pedagogical implications for EFL teaching/learning process. EFL teachers, when teaching grammar, should take into consideration not only what traditional grammars say but also what native speakers actually say.

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Book Review: Teaching The Thinking Skills ‎

Book Review: Teaching The Thinking Skills ‎

Fawaz Aqel

f_aqel2001@Yahoo.com

Department of Teaching Methodology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 09-03-2004 , Accepted : 17-08-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

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A Bride’s Package in the Light of Islamic Law and the ‎Personal Status Law

A Bride’s Package in the Light of Islamic Law and the ‎Personal Status Law

Marwan Qadomi

alfeqhdep@najah.edu

Received : 31-08-2003 , Accepted : 15-06-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research aims at introducing a study of one side of the rights of wives in the personal status law. We have introduced this study with the lawfulness of the dowry in Islam and the rights of women in getting a dowry and a dwelling suitable for matrimonial life. The study also highlights the obstacles that encounter marriage and ways of dealing with them according to Islamic faith. It also undertakes the issue of a bride’s package, its problems, disputes and its traditional norms in same areas; it also deals with the law governing on bride’s package (dota) for nonmuslims. The research concludes with a call for revoking the dominant traditions which do not agree with the Islamic law, and with the major results that the research arrives at.

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Home Study Environment for Palestinian Students in Basic ‎and Secondary Cycles During Al-Aqsa Intifada‎

Home Study Environment for Palestinian Students in Basic ‎and Secondary Cycles During Al-Aqsa Intifada‎

Jawdat Saadeh, Ismael Abu Zyada, Rohi Abadat

profjawdat@yahoo.com

Received : 17-05-2003 , Accepted : 15-06-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The main purpose of the study was to define the role of five variables that include sex, number of rooms inside the house, family size, grade levels, and the directorate, on the home study environment for Palestinian students in grades ninth, tenth and eleventh during Al-Aqsa Intifada. To achieve this purpose, the researchers developed a (29) item questionnaire that presented to a group of jury to insure its validity and they applied Cronbach Alpha formula to calculate its reliability, and it was (0.90). Means, percentages, "t" independent test, One Way ANOVA and Schefee test for multiple comparisons were used to analyze data collected. The results showed the followings:

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The Principles Based on Overusage According to Al-Farra`‎‏ ‏in the Light of his Book (Ma’ni Al-Kor’aan)‎

The Principles Based on Overusage According to Al-Farra`‎‏ ‏in the Light of his Book (Ma’ni Al-Kor’aan)‎

Hamdi Al-Jabali

arabdep@najah.edu

Department of Arabic Language, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 09-08-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The intent of this research was to examine the concept of overusage according to AL-Farra` through picking up the linguistic phenomena that he subjucated to the domination of usage and / or overusage and surveyed them interpretably so that he might support his doctrine and construct his principle. The research also brought into view that AL-Farra` was a precursor in admitting that language is subjucated to the effect and interference of usage on directing what was on everybody`s lips or what was frequently used or repeated for the more a thing is overused or is plain in meaning, the mild it will be in speaking and it will become much more permissible than any others.

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Economic Means of Adaptations for Palestinian Refugees During ‎Al-Aqsa Intifada (A Comparative Study)‎

Economic Means of Adaptations for Palestinian Refugees During ‎Al-Aqsa Intifada (A Comparative Study)‎

Mahmoud Abu-Alrub

abualrub@yahoo.com

Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 24-07-2004 , Accepted : 20-02-2005

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The study aimed to identifying the means that enable the Palestinian refugees in the West-Bank and Gaza-Strip to over come the deteriorating economic situation, and the low standard of living during the Al-Aqsa intifada. To achieve that, the study was conducted on a sample of 637 persons, which represented %1 of the total refugees, astrarified random sample used to collect the data. The study reveals that the Israeli military and economic blockades have seven economic impacts on the lifes of the Palestinian refugees. However, the refugees mange to adapt themselves to the new economic situation by many ways such as: the exhaustion of savings, the spending on basic needs, the postponement of the payment of water and electricity bills, the financial borrowing from family and relatives, working over times, the intensification of agriculture and home-economy, and the use of children in the laber –market. In the light of the finding the researchers put forward a number of recommendation such as conncting reliefe with developments.

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Disputes Incurred Between the Trade Marks & Domain Names on ‎the Internet

Disputes Incurred Between the Trade Marks & Domain Names on ‎the Internet

Khalid Altalahmeh

Khalidaltalahmeh@yahoo.com

Faculty of Law, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan

Received : 26-04-2004 , Accepted : 07-11-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research deals with the disputes incurred between the trade marks and domain names on the Internet which have been created following the trade which matter has resulted in submitted a large number of the cases related to such disputes to the courts that have sustained severe difficulties in settling them. Hence, the legislations enforced at the developed states, and in particular, the United States of America, have vested the power upon the subject’s judge to settle such disputes in case either of the parties to the dispute shall apply to that effect. In fact, and in complying with the same, the study has revealed that the American commercial legislations have determined most of the forms of the said disputes in a way that shall assist the judge to find a solution for any dispute submitted before him. In addition, there are many American judicial opinions that are available in this field which are published on the Internet being accessible to any person to look through the same. As for the Jordanian Law and the laws of the Arab states, then they have not approached the said disputes for reasons that are related to the technical difference between them and the western countries. In fact, and as the using of the trade marks on the Internet is related to the availability of the electronic trade that is still practiced within limited rates in the Arab states, then this issue has not been submitted before the Arab courts in addition to not having raised the concern of the Arab legal practitioners for which it has been necessary for the study to carried out according to the laws of the states that have witnessed such disputes and in particular, the United States of America. Finally, the study has concluded some results and suggestions followed by a conclusion.

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Interference of Greek Methology in the Contemporary Palestinian ‎Poetry (Excerpts)‎

Interference of Greek Methology in the Contemporary Palestinian ‎Poetry (Excerpts)‎

Ibrahim Musa

imusa@birzeit.edu

Department of Arabic Language, Faculty of Arts, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine

Received : 30-06-2004 , Accepted : 03-10-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

Palestinian poets are open in thier poems to wide humanistic horizons. They qouted from the Greek myths such as: Sizeef, Tilimak, and Icaros... etc. These nyths formed the pillar of the poems in which the myths text embodied the palestinian individuals herosim after it was re-formed with a contemporary vision in which language was converted to symbols full of dimensions in terms of connation and imagery that express the lived situation, and clarifies the image of the lands usurper and the image of the Palestinian who is grasping the life time embers. The poets transformed all this into an equivalent topic that reflects thier poetic dream to creat a better human future in terms of its subjective humanistic dimensions. This research aims at shedding light on the aspects of this aesthetic usage of the Greek myths and thier artistic, realistic connotations. The study deals with etymology, definitions and derivation of these myths; moreover, it deals with thier trends that are based on natwal, literary and historical phenomena. It also deals with the views of paychologists and philosophers regarding thier significant in human thought in addition to cuases of embedding them in cotemporary poetry. Excerpts of poetry are analyzed to find out to what extent they express the visions of the Palestinian poets and thier awareness of the myths artistic value in thier poetry.

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Selected Problems which Faced Volley ball Players in ‎Palestine

Selected Problems which Faced Volley ball Players in ‎Palestine

Subhi 'Isa

subhi60@yahoo.com

Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 12-04-2004 , Accepted : 29-08-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate problems which faced Volleyball players in Palestine. Furthermore, determine the effect of playing experience and qualification variables on these problems. The sample of the study consisted of (130) players from different divisions, and a (37) items questionnaire was conducted for measuring problems. The results revealed a low degree of problems for total score, where the percent of response was (57.2%), and the highest problem was on financial and emotional support domain (68.2%), and the lowest problem was on social relationship domain (40.8%).Furthermore, the results indicated a significant differences at (0.05) in problems between 5 years and less playing experience and more than 5 years in favor of more than 5 years. In addition, the results indicated that there are no significant differences in problems due to qualification variable. Based on the study findings the researcher recommended to increase attention for financial and emotional support of Volleyball players in Palestine.

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Selected Problems which Faced Volley ball Players in ‎Palestine

Selected Problems which Faced Volley ball Players in ‎Palestine

Subhi 'Isa

subhi60@yahoo.com

Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 12-04-2004 , Accepted : 29-08-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate problems which faced Volleyball players in Palestine. Furthermore, determine the effect of playing experience and qualification variables on these problems. The sample of the study consisted of (130) players from different divisions, and a (37) items questionnaire was conducted for measuring problems. The results revealed a low degree of problems for total score, where the percent of response was (57.2%), and the highest problem was on financial and emotional support domain (68.2%), and the lowest problem was on social relationship domain (40.8%).Furthermore, the results indicated a significant differences at (0.05) in problems between 5 years and less playing experience and more than 5 years in favor of more than 5 years. In addition, the results indicated that there are no significant differences in problems due to qualification variable. Based on the study findings the researcher recommended to increase attention for financial and emotional support of Volleyball players in Palestine.

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Problems that Face Basketball Coaches in Palestine from their Points of ‎View‎

Problems that Face Basketball Coaches in Palestine from their Points of ‎View‎

Bader Dweekat

baderrefat@yahoo.com

Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 12-04-2004 , Accepted : 17-08-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the problems that face basketball coaches in Palestine. To achieve that, the study was conducted on (57) coaches, from Palestinian basketball clubs. A (34) items questionnaire was used for data collection. The results reveled a high degree of problems where the percentage of the response of the total score was (81.2%). Further more the results revealed that the rank order of domains were as follow: - club administration, (85.8%), federation (83%), coach (81.8%), facilities (80%), players (79.8%), meadia (77.6%). Based on the study finding, the researcher recommended to find out qualified coaches in Palestine by participation in local and international training courses.

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The Effects of Large Classes on EFL Students at An-‎Najah National University‎

The Effects of Large Classes on EFL Students at An-‎Najah National University‎

Muna Thaher

mona_thaher@yahoo.com

Department of English, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 02-06-2004 , Accepted : 07-11-2004

Language: English

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to determine what effects (instructional, psychological or social) large classes have on students by investigating and analyzing EFL students' attitudes toward large classes at An-Najah National University in Palestine. A questionnaire was distributed among El0103 students who were learning English as a university requirement. The sample of the study consisted of (230) non-English major EFL students. The findings of the study revealed that the instructional effects have the highest mean over the social and the psychological effects. It appeared that despite the negative aspects of learning English in large classes, there can be some positive aspects that teachers could make use of. The paper concludes with a number of recommendations to cope with the problems of large classes for future application in teaching EFL students.

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Globalization‎ and Islamic Discourse

Globalization‎ and Islamic Discourse

Naser Aldeen Al-Sha’er

nasershaer@yahoo.com

Received : 19-05-2004 , Accepted : 13-03-2005

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study is an attempt to examine the concept of Globalization with special reference to its understanding from Islamic point of view. It discusses the emergence of Globalization, its roots, its environment, and its positive and negative impacts on the different sectors. This analytical discussion helps in introducing the most appropriate Islamic perspectives regarding Globalization, which could be considered as one of the most striking and controversial concepts in this era. Moreover, this study is examining the relevant outstanding outputs of Globalization, and therefore, its impacts on Islamic discourse.

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The Relationship between Emotional Stability and Levels of Self-‎Assertion Among A Sample of Students at the University of Jordan

The Relationship between Emotional Stability and Levels of Self-‎Assertion Among A Sample of Students at the University of Jordan

Mohammad Bani Younes

amjadabu@hotmail.com

Received : 17-07-2004 , Accepted : 20-02-2005

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The aim of this research is to Investigate The levels of emotional stability levels of self – assertion, and the correlation between these levels.

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Evaluating the Seventh Grades Palestinian Science Textbook from Teachers’ Perspective

Evaluating the Seventh Grades Palestinian Science Textbook from Teachers’ Perspective

Mahmoud Ramadan

ramadannajah@yahoo.com

Department of Primary Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 14-04-2004 , Accepted : 20-02-2005

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed at evaluating the Seventh Grades Palestinian Science textbook from teachers’ perspective. The researcher tried to find out the influence of some variables, such as: gender, academic qualification, teachers experience,and the number of training courses that the teacher participated in, on the perspectives of teachers. For the purpose of this study a sample of ( 51) teachers responded to a questionaire consisted of ( 62 ) items divided of the following six domains: general view(layout) of the book, introduction, content, educational techniques, enhancing students attitudes towards science, evaluation questions, Number of lessons, laboratories, and the readability of the book.

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Muhammad Ali Shams Addin the Poet of Vision and Nihilism ‎Secret Poem to my Belooved Asya‎

Muhammad Ali Shams Addin the Poet of Vision and Nihilism ‎Secret Poem to my Belooved Asya‎

Nadi Al-Deek

nadishameem@yahoo.com

Al-Quds Open University, Ramallah, Palestine

Received : 18-05-2004 , Accepted : 12-12-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

Mohamed Ali Shamsiddin is one of those distinct poetic sounds in his local and Arab environments, since he awakens the spirit, and makes the ideas correlated with the geometrical structure of the poem. All of that shows coherent structure in both the pattern and the content Shamsiddin maintained the contemporary Arab pattern of the poem, and also preserved the importance of the rhythm and music in the poetic structure, in addition to the contents derived from the caves of the environment and the agonies of the others. Thus, Shamsiddin's poem continues to preserve its substance, and humanitarian and sensual pulses which consequently add to its beauty and splendor. In this sense, we can touch the traditional symbols and values; at the same time we can feel the contemporary zeals, both correlated with one another to materialize one artistic vision, rich in its symbols, vocabularys, expressions, and the griefs of the others. Thus, we can see that he makes himself by this art which is renewed in its performance and firmness, in its positive and constructive data towards his subject and readers. For all of the above mentioned, this study is made for his volume first of poetry (Qasaed Muharraba I/a Habikati Asia).because this work is one of the distinguished bridges in its high quality, and its performance in creating the case of correlation between self and art, self and the others.

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Subject Matter and English Language Teachers’ Perception of EST ‎at An-Najah National University (in English)‎

Subject Matter and English Language Teachers’ Perception of EST ‎at An-Najah National University (in English)‎

Muna Thaher, Wafa Abu Shmais‎

mona_thaher@yahoo.com

Department of English, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 18-05-2004 , Accepted : 20-02-2005

Language: English

Abstract

The teaching of English for Special Purposes (ESP) has developed from a concern for the needs, desires, interests and attitudes of learners. ESP has many advantages; however, they might not be achieved unless an encouraging atmosphere that meets students' needs is established. This paper examines the perceptions of subject matter teachers and English language teachers of the needs of their EST (English for Science and Technology) students at An –Najah University. Therefore, the paper touches upon needs analysis as an important issue related to the teaching of EST in an attempt to investigate the extent of cooperation and coordination between the English language teachers and subject matter teachers. The paper also investigates the subject matter and English language teachers' perceptions of the need for teaching English language, textbooks, materials, skills and activities in EST courses. The perceptions of the need for subject matter and English language teachers have been investigated by means of a questionnaire. The subjects of the study were (41) subject matter teachers and English language teachers at An-Najah University. The findings of the study revealed that the perceptions of the need for cooperation and coordination between English language and subject matter teachers was very high. The results also indicated that the subject matter teachers showed the highest means for all domains, with the highest mean for the need for appropriate textbooks and materials. This paper concludes with suggestions to reinforce cooperation and coordination between both English and subject matter teachers.

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Degree of An-Najah National University Commitment to the ‎Principles of Total Quality Management as Perceived by Faculty ‎Members

Degree of An-Najah National University Commitment to the ‎Principles of Total Quality Management as Perceived by Faculty ‎Members

Mazouz Alawni, Yousif Ghuniam

malawnah@qou_edu

Received : 09-02-2005 , Accepted : 16-07-2005

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed at examing to the degree of An-Najah National University Commitment to the Total Quality Management as Perceived by it's faculty members. The study also examined the impact of different variables such as sex, academic rank, years of experience, the university from which degree was received, the college in which he/she is currently working and the age of respondents. The population of the study comprised all full time faculty members of which a sample of 130 faculty member was selected A 52-item questionnaire, covering quality requirement follow-up development, human resources and decision making process, was administered to the subject of the study. The SPSS was used to analyze the solicited data means, Standard deviation, Sidak t-test one way" ANOVA" was employed to examine the responses of the subjects to determine the significance of each variable. The result of the study indicated that An-Najah National was significantly committed to the principles of guide lives of the Total Quality Management. The study also showed that there were differences at (0.05=?) in the degree of commitment by An-Najah National University as perceived by the faculty members which might be attributed to the variables of sex, academic rank, years of experience, the university from which degree was received, the college where he/she is currently working, and the age of respondents.

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The Discovered Winepress at Khirbet Shuwayka

The Discovered Winepress at Khirbet Shuwayka

Salah Al-Houdalieh

taannek@yahoo.com

Received : 17-07-2004 , Accepted : 16-07-2005

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The 2003 excavation season at Khirbet Shuwayka was conducted under the direction of the Institute of Islamic Archaeology/ Al-Quds University in Cooperation with a team from Oxford University. The excavation season extended more than four weeks in many areas, and the author supervised one of these. The discovered winepress consists of three champers connected by channels with three small juice-collecting vats, a large treading vat, a main juice-collecting vat, and eight other chambers, which were used for the temporary storage of jars filled with juice. The walls of these facilities were built of different sized stones, morter and small stones were also used to fullfill the spaces between the stone courses. The winepress had passed through two successive phases. In the first phase, pressing the grape bunches is done by a wooden cylinder fixed to a wooden spiral shaft which set in the center of the treading vat, but in the second phase the pressing is done by foot. The floors of some of these facilities were paved with mosaic tesserae directly on top of a morter layer with a high percent of lime. In terms of the comparison, this press in similar to others found in Palestine and Jordan that back to the Byzantine period.

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The Place in the Novel “Soul Inspiration” by Mohamed Nassar

The Place in the Novel “Soul Inspiration” by Mohamed Nassar

Ibrahim Awwad

awwad1962@yahoo.com

Received : 18-12-2004 , Accepted : 15-05-2005

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research deals with place as it one of the elements of the novel "soul Inspiration" showing the importance of place in this novel, and kinds of place in it like: geographical or real place, and the rhetorical place. The research also cleared out the writer's ability in making use the place with the relation to novel elements as time, characters and events showing the nature of relation among them, and the interaction of place between them with fine and beautiful style.

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Time in the Engraving on the Heart’s Wall by the Novelist, Habeeb ‎Hana

Time in the Engraving on the Heart’s Wall by the Novelist, Habeeb ‎Hana

Sa’ad Al-Azayzeh

saad_azaiza@yahoo.com

Received : 18-12-2004 , Accepted : 15-05-2005

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research deals with “Time” in Habeeb Hana’s novel “Engravings on the Heart’s wall”. Besides, it aims at identifying the Types of time namely: the real, psychological, historical and cosmic times. The research, moreover, highlights the relation between time and its extension with the environmental place, the characters movement and the incidents. The research reveals the authar’s ability to skilfully employ the above Mentioned artistic tools through dealing with the AL AqSa Intifada in cidents where types of time are combined artistically inorder to achieve aesthetic goals.

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Parents’ Wills in Pre-Islamic and Islamic Poetry

Parents’ Wills in Pre-Islamic and Islamic Poetry

Fathi Khader

abutamer1953@yahoo.com

Department of Arabic Language, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 11-09-2004 , Accepted : 15-05-2005

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research endeavors to highlight the care that parent poets during the Jahilyia period showed for the upbringing of their children. Parent poets sought to foster higher values within the personalities of their children so that their children would represent the generous values of the society that the Arab at that time cared to preserve. I hope that I will be able through this study to introduce the most important educational values that the Jahilyia poets cared to charge their children with, making of them outstanding men and women.

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The Steadfastness of Economic Strategies Used by the Palestinian ‎Rural Families During the Al Aqsa Intifada (Qalqiliya Villages: A ‎Case Study)‎

The Steadfastness of Economic Strategies Used by the Palestinian ‎Rural Families During the Al Aqsa Intifada (Qalqiliya Villages: A ‎Case Study)‎

Hussein Ahmad, Mahmoud Abu-Rub ‎

hussein596@yahoo.com

Received : 02-11-2004 , Accepted : 13-03-2005

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The study uses the data collected by the Opnion Polls and Survey Studies Center at An-Najah National University concernning the villages in Qalqiliya Distrect. The aim of this study is to analyize the strategies used by the Palestinian families as a result of the decrease in their income or loss of it. The most common strategies used by the families to adapt with its new economic situation is using its savings, delay one of the family’s project, selling or mortgaging a piece of land or a house, selling a wife’s jewelry, returning to work in agriculture and home economic, borrowing from relatives, friends and banks, and having humanitarian aids. The main recommendation of the study is carrying out economic and social policies to limit the delay in the family projects, to find a continuous job opportunity, and to give an easy loan to creat investment projects in the Palestinian rural areas.

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The Steadfastness of Economic Strategies Used by the Palestinian ‎Rural Families During the Al Aqsa Intifada (Qalqiliya Villages: A ‎Case Study)‎

The Steadfastness of Economic Strategies Used by the Palestinian ‎Rural Families During the Al Aqsa Intifada (Qalqiliya Villages: A ‎Case Study)‎

Hussein Ahmad, Mahmoud Abu-Rub ‎

hussein596@yahoo.com

Received : 02-11-2004 , Accepted : 13-03-2005

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The study uses the data collected by the Opnion Polls and Survey Studies Center at An-Najah National University concernning the villages in Qalqiliya Distrect. The aim of this study is to analyize the strategies used by the Palestinian families as a result of the decrease in their income or loss of it. The most common strategies used by the families to adapt with its new economic situation is using its savings, delay one of the family’s project, selling or mortgaging a piece of land or a house, selling a wife’s jewelry, returning to work in agriculture and home economic, borrowing from relatives, friends and banks, and having humanitarian aids. The main recommendation of the study is carrying out economic and social policies to limit the delay in the family projects, to find a continuous job opportunity, and to give an easy loan to creat investment projects in the Palestinian rural areas.

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Animal Maintenance: its Rule and Hadiths

Animal Maintenance: its Rule and Hadiths

Helmi Abdul-Hadi

law@aauj.edu

Received : 10-05-2003 , Accepted : 17-02-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This paper examines hadith (prophetic Teachings), whish urge maintenance of animals provision of food and water for it. The researcher also details on this maintenance from a religions perspective. That is, the extent of the legislator power to force the owner of the animal to provide this maintenance. The researcher also tackled this maintener for a gudicial perspective. That is, the extent of the gudges power or rulers power to commit the owner to provide maintenarce to his animal. At the end, the researcher details on scholars opiraions regading this issue and evidence for these opinions and out weighs strong nes.

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Al-Rahim “Blood Relations” and Al-Rahman “The Beneficent” Linguistically and in ‎Tafsir “Exegesis of the Holy Quran”‎

Al-Rahim “Blood Relations” and Al-Rahman “The Beneficent” Linguistically and in ‎Tafsir “Exegesis of the Holy Quran”‎

Mohseen Khaldee

usooldep@najah.edu

Received : 08-06-2002 , Accepted : 17-02-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study begins with a definition of “al-rahim” (blood relations) linguistically and technically. “Rahim” is derived from al-rahman (the beneficent). It also reveals the secrets of relationship between the two terms and the reason for deriving them from the name of Allah. Then the study sxplained that the name of Allah “al-rahman” is exclusive for Him only. It is also derived from “al-rahma”. Finally, the paper refuted the claims about the origin of this name that it is not derived or that it is loaned from Hebrew and it reveals the difference between “al-rahman” and “al-rahim”.

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The Effect of Al-Aqsa Intefada on the Kind of Games Played by Palestinian Children ‎ (4-8 years) and their Role in Relieving Psychological Stressors “

The Effect of Al-Aqsa Intefada on the Kind of Games Played by Palestinian Children ‎ (4-8 years) and their Role in Relieving Psychological Stressors “Analytical Study”‎

Mohammed Alhelih

alhelih@yahoo.com

Received : 12-07-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

Playing, especially dramatic and animated playing is one of the most important factors affecting child’s development in social and psychological aspects. Although playing is important in the cognitive, moral, social, and psychological development of the child, its considered an effective method for relieving psychological stress and to explore the child’s creativity. The study sample consisted of (2100) Palestinian male and female children, distributed in (72) schools and kindergartens in (32) city, town, and camp in Palestine. This study aimed to: 1. Investigate the effect of Al-Aqsa Intefada on the kinds of games played by Palestinian children between the (4-8) years old. 2. Investigate the effect of playing (dramatic, and animated) in relieving the psychological stress of the Palestinian children. 3. Explain teacher’s role in developing children playing activity. The results showed that Al-Aqsa Intefada affected the king of dramatic and animated games played by Palestinian children. Therefor many games have been developed (4) for girls, (6) for boys, and (3) accompanied by girls and boys. The study concluded the importance of playing in relieving psychological stress among Palestinian children, and highlighted the importance of conducting other researchers in this field.

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Issues of the Arab – Zionist Struggle‏ ‏Radical Trends in Israel \ Zionism‎

Issues of the Arab – Zionist Struggle‏ ‏Radical Trends in Israel \ Zionism‎

Fawwaz Sharkawi

fsharkawi@mail.iugaza.edu

Received : 25-06-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

Radical trends were absorbed by Zionism/ Israel which reflected on its practical behavior and thought contents. The study will concentrate only on three trends: At first comes violence which was adopted to face internal conditions and external obstacles Justified by words of the Holly Book, interpretations of the religious men and political leaders. Practically, violence is connected with aggression, military action and security issue. Regional expansion is the second trend, and it is connected by borders. Thus several expressions were laid as: the land of Promise, historical borders, borders of the state, and unlimited borders. Its main effort is to assimilate between people and territory. Dependence and mutual dependence on super power states is the third radical trend. Hence it follows their evolutions over decades. The main aim of this study is to examine and clarify the contents and behavior of Zionism / Israel, and how it can function mutually by struggle parties. The study used descriptive, historical, analytical and comparative research methods to obtain its gains.

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Some Motives for General Secondary Certificate to Join vocational and Technical ‎Colleges in Gaza Governorates‎

Some Motives for General Secondary Certificate to Join vocational and Technical ‎Colleges in Gaza Governorates‎

Abdelrahim Hamdan

abed_hamdan49@hotmail.com

Received : 03-06-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed at identifying the motives that urge General Secondary Certificate to join vocational and technical colleges in Gaza Governorates and to define the ranks of those motives. It also aimed at finding any significant differences between those motives due to sex, college, qualification, and General Secondary Certificate GPA. The population of the study consisted of students attending three technical colleges in Gaza in the academic year (2002/2003). The questionnaire was applied on random sample of (110) students from the three vocational and technical colleges. The data was analyzed through calculating data means, standard deviations, ranks, and One – Way ANOVA. The findings showed that the psychological motive occupied the first rank, while the weakest rank motive was the source of information given to students by the secondary school, the college, the media, and the family. The findings also showed that there are significant differences in the motives of students for joining vocational and technical colleges due to the independent variables.

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The Caliphate in Early Islam (A Study in Political and Religious Thinking and its ‎Development in the Islamic State During the Initial Phase of Founda

The Caliphate in Early Islam (A Study in Political and Religious Thinking and its ‎Development in the Islamic State During the Initial Phase of Foundation)‎

Jamal Juda

jamaljuda@yahoo.com

Received : 15-04-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed at maping out the political and religious thinking in Early Islam. To this end, the author tackled the significance of the term “Caliphate” and its development until the late second century of Hijra. Islam came up with a plan for political unity of all peoples of the world based on loyalty to aqida (belief). For this purpose, Islam raised the term “al-Umma al-Mujahida” –Holy warrior nation- deriving its legitimacy from Heaven and counting on the promise, in the Holy Qur’an, that it will take inheritance of the land and its subjugation. The Holy Qur’an dwelt on the term “the Caliphate” which carries two significant meanings: the institution of man as vicegerent of Allah(SWT); the institution of government as continuation of the worldly government of the Prophet Muhammad, This involves construction on this earth and implementation of Shari’a on servants of Allah. Thus, one finds harmony between the goals of the Islamic da’wa (call) and the Qur’anic discourse on the issue of inheritance of earth and its subjugation. The state of al-Umma al-Mujahida was able to realize the promise of Allah in late second decade of the Guided Caliphate Period. The Leader of the Faithful was called caliph of Allah on all Muslims and non-Muslims. The Sahaba generation (the Prophet’s companions) and its scholars approved this title. However, after the events of the First Fitna and their consequences, namely the emergence of opposition to the authority, the exploitation of the authority of this title, emphasizing coercive(al-jabriyah) thinking and the suppression of the opposition, the post-companion era scholars withdrew their recognition of the leader of the Faithful. The Umma scholars’ dependence on the Sunna (the Prophetic teachings), in their understanding of the Holy Qur’an and raising it in their slogans against the opposition to the authority by calling it to follow the messengers and prophets’ method (approach), represented a heavy burden on the authority. This forced the opposition to assert that the Leader of the Faithful was Allah’s vicegerent as well as His caliph in order to marginalize the role of religious scholars in society and in legislation. Thus, the scholars adhered to the prophetic teachings (Sunna), thus making them emphasize the agreement that the Leader of the Faithful was the successor of the Prophet of Allah and not the vicegerent of Allah. When the Abbassid era emerged, they responded positively to the scholars’ point of view; for the first time, they introduced the title “Khalifata Rasul Allah” to the Leader of the Faithful but at the same time kept the title vicegerent of Allah. In this, the caliph became deputy for Allah and His messenger in guarding the religion and worldly policy. The authority’s adherence to the title of vicegerent of Allah emphasized the absolute rule in the state of caliphate and gave it the justification to suppress the opposition, This in itself explains the Umma scholars’ and jurisprudents’ opposed attitudes towards this title. They did not recognize it and tilted towards the title of successor of Allah’s messengers and considered themselves as those who inherit Prophets and Messengers thus emphasizing their role in legislation as well as in society.

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Syntactical Opinions of Al-Khalil in the Sight of “Al-Ain Book”‎

Syntactical Opinions of Al-Khalil in the Sight of “Al-Ain Book”‎

Hamdi Al-Jabali

arabdep@najah.edu

Department of Arabic Language, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 15-04-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This paper presents a number of significant signs of clear contrast and complete opposition between a set of opinions of the writer of “Kitaab Al-Ain” and those of Al-Khalil Ibn Ahmad. This opens up an opportunity to a new call for the verification of Al-Khalil’s attribution of “Kitaab Al-Ain”. So as to achieve this, the researcher relied on laying the material of “Kitaab Al-Ain” before the syntactical points of view attributed to Al-Khalil in “Al-Kitaab” for ‘Sybawaih’ or any other grammar books, in addition to some scholars’ obscurities concerning the ownership of “Kitaab Al-Ain” presented in the introduction of this paper.

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Housing Unit and Households Projection Methods in the Palestinian Territory up to‏ ‏‎2010‎

Housing Unit and Households Projection Methods in the Palestinian Territory up to‏ ‏‎2010‎

Mahmoud Abd-Alrahman

mahmouda@pcbs.pna.org

Received : 01-02-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

Development planners require future estimates about households and housing units in order to create appropriate strategies for short-term and long-term services in line with the size and need of the Palestinian society. There are several projection methods for households and housing units, however, internationally applied housing units projection methods cannot be applied to the Palestinian Territory in the present time due to lack of necessary data. Households’ projections have been used to identify the number of housing units, which the Palestinian Territory will need in the coming years. In this study a future estimates concerning the number of households and housing units based on several methods of projection: such as head of households rate method and average of household size method. According to estimates, the number of housing units of the Palestinian Territory will rise from 460,418 in 1997 to 752,875 in 2005 with an increasing rate of 63.5%. Estimates also show that the number of housing units of the Palestinian Territory of 2010 will be 973,761 including 650,804 in the West Bank and 322,957 in Gaza Strip. In the light of the above mentioned results concerning housing projections, it is possible to say that the head of households rate method is the closest to reality, especially that such method has been used by a number of countries and recommended by the United Nations. The head of households rate method is also applicable to many countries including those with insufficiently developed statistics and methods of analysis. The average of household size method, which assumes a drop by 0.05 annually, showed close results to those of the internationally recommended head of households rate method.

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Housing Unit and Households Projection Methods in the Palestinian Territory up to‏ ‏‎2010‎

Housing Unit and Households Projection Methods in the Palestinian Territory up to‏ ‏‎2010‎

Mahmoud Abd-Alrahman

mahmouda@pcbs.pna.org

Received : 01-02-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

Development planners require future estimates about households and housing units in order to create appropriate strategies for short-term and long-term services in line with the size and need of the Palestinian society. There are several projection methods for households and housing units, however, internationally applied housing units projection methods cannot be applied to the Palestinian Territory in the present time due to lack of necessary data. Households’ projections have been used to identify the number of housing units, which the Palestinian Territory will need in the coming years. In this study a future estimates concerning the number of households and housing units based on several methods of projection: such as head of households rate method and average of household size method. According to estimates, the number of housing units of the Palestinian Territory will rise from 460,418 in 1997 to 752,875 in 2005 with an increasing rate of 63.5%. Estimates also show that the number of housing units of the Palestinian Territory of 2010 will be 973,761 including 650,804 in the West Bank and 322,957 in Gaza Strip. In the light of the above mentioned results concerning housing projections, it is possible to say that the head of households rate method is the closest to reality, especially that such method has been used by a number of countries and recommended by the United Nations. The head of households rate method is also applicable to many countries including those with insufficiently developed statistics and methods of analysis. The average of household size method, which assumes a drop by 0.05 annually, showed close results to those of the internationally recommended head of households rate method.

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Thur-Rummah Baaiyyah between Old and Recent Scholars

Thur-Rummah Baaiyyah between Old and Recent Scholars

Mohammed Dawabsheh

mdawabsheh@aauj.edu

Received : 10-12-2001 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research aims at studying the famous poem of Thur- Rummah in the umayyad period. It also aims at acknowledging the new approaches for the criticism methods, particularly the mythical methods, and understanding the old literaring texts, through contracting the different opinions of old and recent critics. In this poem the researcher discovered the requirements of the critic, old and recent towards the text and its relationship with the poet’s psychological condition based on the different mentioned opinions in this respect.

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Book Review: Thinking Skills‏ ‏Instruction (With hundreds practical ‎applications) Jawdat Ahmad Saadah‎

Book Review: Thinking Skills‏ ‏Instruction (With hundreds practical ‎applications) Jawdat Ahmad Saadah‎

Laila Bitar

lailabitar@najah.edu

An-Najah Community College, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 17-01-2004 , Accepted : 25-04-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

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The Matter of Alkohl in Alkafiya-‎‏ ‏By: Mohammad Bin ‎Ibrahim Al- Niksari ‎

The Matter of Alkohl in Alkafiya-‎‏ ‏By: Mohammad Bin ‎Ibrahim Al- Niksari ‎

Shareef Alnajjar

shareefan1963@hotmail.com

Received : 18-10-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research presents a letter in grammatical heritage for a Roman language and origin scientist, Mohammad Bin Ibrahim Al-Niksari. He talks about what is called the matter of Alkohl in Arabic grammar, and it concerns with the cause of nominative comparative for apparent nouns as their saying "I've never seen a man better in his eyes Alkohl than in Zaid's eye". The origin in comparative was not in nominative case. When it was nominated, issue needed reasoning. In this matter, Al-Niksari handled Ibn Al-Hajib's text which concerns with the matter of Alkohl form his book Alkafiya. He explained all what concerns this text, and he commented on several sides belong to this matter. Then, he handled the function of comparative and its likeness to the verb, the cause of its function, and its conditions. After that, he handled the relationship between preferential and its counterpart and he explained the poetic evidence in Ibn Al-Hajib's text.

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The Properties of the Sarsaq Family in Palestine 1869-1948‎

The Properties of the Sarsaq Family in Palestine 1869-1948‎

Amin Abu-Baker

aabubaker@qou.edu

Al-Quds Open University, Nablus Educational Region, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 09-06-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study deals with the properties of the Sarsaq family in Palestine during the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. Their properties, considered one of the properties formed by the Lebanese capitalists in Palestine during that period, came as a result of the capitalist framework of the family in the local and international commercial markets on the one hand, the financial crisis that the Ottoman Treasury from and the severe conditions of the Palestinian farmers on the other. Their properties spread in 60 locations and consisted of about 800000 dunums most fertilized lands. In addition, they indicated the destiny of the fertile lands during the first half of the Twentieth century when the Zionist penetration campaigns targeted by Zionism through its agencies and collaborators of traders and brokers those campaigns were accompanied by organized deportation campaigns supported by the police and the unjust regulations of the British Mandate that aimed at demolishing the homes and Villages of the Palestinian farmers and sabotaging their crops so as to make them leave their homeland and build Jewish settlements on their locations.

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Islamic Banking in Palestine Challenges and Prospects

Islamic Banking in Palestine Challenges and Prospects

Hisham Jabr

Hjabr90@yahoo.com

Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 17-06-2002 , Accepted : 09-02-2003

Language: English

Abstract

This study aimed at investigating the challenges and prospects of Islamic banks operating in the Palestinian territories. The study starts by a historical background of Islamic banks. Four Islamic banks are now operating with 12 branches with total assets of about 261 million dollars as at the end of March 2001. The study shows the market share of Islamic banks of the banking market, Investments classification according to economic sectors. And challenges which face Islamic banks. The study ends with recommendations. These recommendations help these banks to prosper and grow.

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Faculty Staff and Students Assessments of the Graduate Programs at Al-Quds University

Faculty Staff and Students Assessments of the Graduate Programs at Al-Quds University

Mohammad Abdeen

abdeen9@macam.ac.il

Received : 20-03-2002 , Accepted : 09-02-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed at determining the present status of the graduate programs at Al-Quds University as well as their problems as perceived by faculty staff and students. Results showed that staff and students gave high evaluation degrees for the graduate programs in the fields of graduate studies goals, contents, and teaching and learning styles, and moderate degrees in the fields of evaluation, staff, and policies. Both groups gave low degrees for the programs in the field of program facilitation. As identified by staff, the graduate studies problems were mainly the absence of substantial and research facilitation and weak relationship with development needs; while from the students’ viewpoints, those problems were high tuition, absence of substantial and research facilitation, offering some courses once a year, and unconsideration of students evaluation of programs and courses. The study recommended that an overall review of graduate programs be undertaken, substantial support be offered, development-related student research be encouraged and supported, and more concern about the library be paid.

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The Cynical Image in War Poetry with the Poets of the Zankia and Ayyoubean States

The Cynical Image in War Poetry with the Poets of the Zankia and Ayyoubean States

Nizar Libdi

dnizar@hotmail.com

Received : 20-01-2002 , Accepted : 09-02-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study examined patterns of the ironic pictures of the defeated enemy during the crusades. The researcher found, through reviewing these pictures, that poets followed various methods to shape-up these pictures. Perhaps the most vivid ones those building the picture upon the contradictions and outlining the antonyms, such as hope and frustration. This was also conducted by drawing natural views in inverted pictures or eccentric pictures that elicit laughter. In their building to the ironic pictures, poets may have relied on “hunting” the “improbabilities” regardless the way they were following. Most often, the picture came out expressing the feeling of the triumph exultation and the taste of malicious joy for that the enemy was defeated, although variant in their rhythm. Some had higher intonations than others, all depending on the technical capabilities of the poets, and the importance of the battle he is composing his poetry about.

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The Cynical Image in War Poetry with the Poets of the Zankia and Ayyoubean States

The Cynical Image in War Poetry with the Poets of the Zankia and Ayyoubean States

Nizar Libdi

dnizar@hotmail.com

Received : 20-01-2002 , Accepted : 09-02-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study examined patterns of the ironic pictures of the defeated enemy during the crusades. The researcher found, through reviewing these pictures, that poets followed various methods to shape-up these pictures. Perhaps the most vivid ones those building the picture upon the contradictions and outlining the antonyms, such as hope and frustration. This was also conducted by drawing natural views in inverted pictures or eccentric pictures that elicit laughter. In their building to the ironic pictures, poets may have relied on “hunting” the “improbabilities” regardless the way they were following. Most often, the picture came out expressing the feeling of the triumph exultation and the taste of malicious joy for that the enemy was defeated, although variant in their rhythm. Some had higher intonations than others, all depending on the technical capabilities of the poets, and the importance of the battle he is composing his poetry about.

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The Mamluk Jan Bardi El-Ghazali and the Ottoman Empire: A New Historical Out Look

The Mamluk Jan Bardi El-Ghazali and the Ottoman Empire: A New Historical Out Look

Osama Abu Nahl

osamabunahel@hotmail.com

Received : 15-07-2001 , Accepted : 09-02-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study deals with the life of an important Mamluk around to whom there have been a number of accounts that label him as a traitor and a Collaborator with the Ottoman Empire, that is Jan Bardi El-Ghazali. The study is entitled” the Mamluk Jan Bardi El-Ghazali and the Ottoman Empire: A New Historical outlook”. The significance of this study arises from the deliberate failure of some researchers to reveal the truth, and their giving full credence to what old historians prejudiced account of this figures. Such prejudice is not manifested in their levelling the dreadful charge of treason at him. Researchers simly narrated the accounts on El-Ghazali given historians without even trying to verify the authenticity of such accounts never realizing that they date back to the same source, so that such accounts have been assumed as facts. In this modest effort of mine, try to hold an objective and disinterested stance in my endeavor to disclose the true personality of El-Ghazali, investigating the factors motivating scholars to accuse him of treason. In this way, the study is a new historical view of a historical issue that has traditionally been assumed unquestionable.

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Dimensions of Psychological Tension and Stress on An-Najah and Birzuit Faculty Members through the Al-Aqsa Intifada

Dimensions of Psychological Tension and Stress on An-Najah and Birzuit Faculty Members through the Al-Aqsa Intifada

Abed Assaf

abedassaf@najah.edu

Received : 06-11-2001 , Accepted : 09-12-2002

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purpose of this study was first, to find out the psychological tension and stress of the Israeli aggression on the faculty members through Al-Aqsa Intifada. Second, to findout the effect of demographic variables of: (sex, number of children, place of living, being humilated or beaten, living close or far from Israeli hot points, college, sallary, experience, social status, and professional rank) on faculty members psychological stress and tension. The study was conducted on (225) faculty members which represents a random sample of (61.8%) of the target population. A scale of psychological stress was constructed and validated by the researcher and applied to the sample. The results indicate that: 1. The psychological stress and tension on faculty members due to Israeli aggression over all mean was (58.7%) which considerd, in terms of psychological effect, high. 2. There were significant mean defferences among the three subscales of tension and stress. The highest score was on the social domain subscale with (60.4%), the second score of the academic domain subscale was (59%), and the third score of the psycholgocal domain was (3.2%). This could mean that the university faculty members were concerned with their students, and what is happeing on their society more than themselves. 3. There were significant mean differences (0.05) between level of tension and stress among faculty members with respect to demographic variables of: (place of living, being humilated or beaten by Israeli soldiers or not, college, and sallary). 4. There were no significant mean differences (0.05) between level of tension and stress among faculty members according to demographic variables of: (sex, number of children, living close or far from Israeli hot points, experience, social status, and professional rank.

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Muslim Blood Relations

Muslim Blood Relations

Mohseen Khaldee

info@najah.edu

Received : 03-02-2003 , Accepted : 05-10-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This paper identified blood relations (ashab al - arham ), the concepts blood relations, their how, and enmity among relatives (qati'at al arham) as a great sin. Future, the paper explains blood relations whose bond is a must. The paper also argued that such kinship must not be restricted to unmarriageable relatives on maternal side or to those who have the right to inherit. In addition the paper highlights the great reword Allah has promised to whose who respect Kinship, prolonging his/ her life in this world, a real rather than a metaphorical increase. In contrast, the paper highlighted the great punishment Allah has warned people if they don't respect it.Then the paper deferred into the reasons behind enmity among relatives in Islamic societies and the effects of that on the disintegration of society, the paper concludes by suggesting a number of recommendation to care with the phenomenon.

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People’s Right to Know

People’s Right to Know

'Abdeljawad 'Abdeljawad

smallworldlike123@yahoo.com

Department of Journalism, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 03-02-2003 , Accepted : 05-10-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

Mass media issues are diversified. They encompass legal and ethical sides. Because of their interpretative and philosophical nature, they are still without a clear and specified concept. What complicates the subject more is the acceleration in media technology. Naturally, with every invention comes legal and ethical issues concerning the rule of media in the society and their relations with the people and government. Also, the bad use of the media, as was the case during World Wars I and II, increases people’s need for a diversification in information and its sources, so that people can benefit from it in all aspects of their lives. As a result, many voices have risen, calling for people’s “rights” to communicate, to know, and to express their opinions. Because of the particularity of every political system, every state differently perceives such “rights,” based on its own understanding of the meaning of freedom and communication concepts. A democratic society, as an example, considers one of these rights, people’s right to know, as its basic pillar in which the will of the people is the utmost principle for power, ruling, and decision–making. For the people to be able to choose their representatives rightly, all information sources must be available to them. In this case, people will be able to do their rule in the society. A democratic government is for the people and by the people. So, an individual has the right to know what his/her government is doing, because such activities touches his/her life directly or indirectly. This research thoroughly discusses and explains the developments and stages which this media issue has passed through until today.

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Family Violence Against Women: Its Causes, & the Islamic Measures to Deal ‎with It‎

Family Violence Against Women: Its Causes, & the Islamic Measures to Deal ‎with It‎

Naser Aldeen Alsha'er

nasershaer@yahoo.com

Received : 30-04-2002 , Accepted : 13-04-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This paper deals with family violence against women that has become a social phenomenon about which several conferences, workshops and campaigns have been held. The paper investigates the causes of violence, its patterns, its prevalence and danger. As an introduction to the related Islamic legislation, established to limit the phenomenon and its effects, a literature review is included. In addition, Islamic legislative measures proposed in numerous Islamic sources (Fiqh, Tafseer and Hadeeth) were studied and analyzed. As a result, this research concluded that family violence in our society is prevalent and badly needs necessary measures to encounter this phenomenon in order to reduce it. This study came up with ten Islamic measures that may contribute to limit the phenomenon.

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Determinants of Labor Supply and Labor Force Participation in the West Bank ‎and Gaza Strip

Determinants of Labor Supply and Labor Force Participation in the West Bank ‎and Gaza Strip

Basim Makhool

makho@najah.edu

Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 14-01-2003 , Accepted : 25-05-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study estimated labor supply and labor force participation rate functions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip by using regression analysis. It was found that the discouraged workers’ effect dominated the added workers’ effect in both the West Bank and Gaza labor force. Also, it was found that the effect of real wages policies was significant on labor supply in the West Bank owing to the high uncompensated wage elasticity of labor supply. However, wage policies did not affect labor supply in Gaza. Further, labor supply elasticity, with respect to labor demand, was relatively high which indicates that policies aimed at reducing unemployment should focus on job creation, but not on policies affecting labor supply. Finally, the results showed that current labor supply was positively related to labor supply in the previous period.

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The Role of the Palestinian Issue in the development of German – Saudi ‎Relations 1929-1939‎

The Role of the Palestinian Issue in the development of German – Saudi ‎Relations 1929-1939‎

Nezam 'Abbasi

nezamabbasi@yahoo.com

Department of History, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 03-12-2002 , Accepted : 09-02-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study discusses the role of the Palestinian problem in the Saudi – German relation during 1929-1939, when the first steps of establishing this relation started by signing the Friendship and Cooperation agreement between them in Cairo 1929, and ended when the second world war began in 1939. During that time, the Palestiniane problem had an influence on this relation based on the attitudes of the political Saudi leadership that are based on Islam and protecting Islamic holy places on one hand, and the attempt to decrease the British pressure and influence on the Saudi decision on the other hand. As for the Germans, they found a political and economical benefit in this relation during the time of the Weimer government, which developed after 1933 when the Nazi party became the governing party to use it strategically in confronting/distracting Britain.

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Production Function Analysis of the Stone Industry in the West Bank and Gaza

Production Function Analysis of the Stone Industry in the West Bank and Gaza

Basim Makhool

makho@najah.edu

Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 24-03-2002 , Accepted : 09-02-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study estimated a generalized constant elasticity of substitution (CES) and Cobb-Douglas production functions of the Palestinian stone cutting industry in 1997 by using the ordinary least squares (OLS) technique. Results of the study revealed that the stone industry, in general, was characterized by decreasing returns to scale, while small firms enjoyed constant returns to scale. Also, it was found that the output elasticity with respect to labor, was greater than the output elasticity with respect to capital. In addition, a significant statistical difference at 1% level of significance was found between large and small firms in the sense that large firms faced a low elasticity of substitution between labor and capital, while small firms had higher possibilities of substituting labor for capital.

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